The Pyeongchang series are members of the very fine, mixed, mesic family of Typic Paleudalfs [Cutanic Luvisols (Epidystric Profondic Clayic Chromic) classified by WRB]. These soils have red clay loam A horizons, red clay BAt horizons, reddish brown clay Bt1 horizons, reddish brown clay Bt2 horizons, and red clay Bt3 horizons. They are on mountainous areas derived from residual limestone materials.

Typifying pedon: Pyeongchang clay loam-soybean (colors are for moist soil).

  Slope: 15-30%

  Elevation: 205 m above m.s.l.

  Soil moisture regime: Udic

  Soil temperature regime: Mesic

  Parent material: Residuum on limestone

  Diagnostic features: An ochric epipedon from a depth of 0 to 32 cm and an argillic horizon from a depth of 32 to 250 cm (An argic horizon from a depth of 32 to 250 cm by WRB).

  Described by: Song, K. C., D. C. Noh, and S. J. Jung,  26 April, 2006.

Morphological properties of typifying pedon.

Ap  - 0 to 32 cm. Red (2.5YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate fine to medium angular blocky structure; friable, sticky and plastic; common medium to coarse pine tree roots; common fine to medium pores; abrupt smooth boundary.

BAt - 32 to 55 cm. Red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate fine to medium angular blocky structure; firm, very sticky and very plastic; thin patch clay cutans; common fine to medium tree roots; common fine pores; many fine to medium very dusky red (2.5YR 2.5/2) Mn mottles; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1 - 55 to 108 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; strong fine to medium  angular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky and very plastic; thin continuous clay cutans; few fine roots; few fine pores; common worm holes; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2 - 108 to 165 cm. Reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; strong fine to medium  angular blocky structure; very firm, very sticky and very plastic; thin continuous clay cutans; common fine to medium roots; few fine pores; many medium Mn concretions; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3 - 165 to 250 cm Red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate fine to medium angular blocky structure; firm, very sticky and very plastic; thin patch clay cutans; common fine to medium roots; few fine pores.

  The typifying pedon has an ochric epipedon from a depth of 0 to 32 cm and an argillic horizon from a depth of 32 to 250 cm. It has a base saturation (by sum of cations) of 35% or more at 125 cm below the upper boundary of the argillic horizon. That can be classified as Alfisol. It has udic soil moisture regime, and can be classified as Udalf. It does not have a densic, lithic, or paralithic contact within 150 cm of the mineral soil surface, does not clay decrease with increasing depth of 20% or more from the maximum clay content within 150 cm of the mineral soil surface, and has an argillic horizon with in 50% or more of the matrix of one or more subhorizons in its lower one-half, hue of 7.5YR or redder and chroma of 5 or more. It can be classified as Paleudalf. Also it meets the requirements of Typic Paleudalf.

  The typifying pedon has more than 60% clay at the particle-size control section and has mesic soil temperature regime. Therefore it can be classified as very fine, mixed, mesic family of Typic Paleudalf.

Type Location: About 300 meters north of the Palgoe Tunnel, Palgoe Ri, Yeongwol Eub, Yeongwol Gun, Gangwon Do (128^o 28' 28.2'', 37^o 7' 44.8'').

Range in Characteristics: These soils have ochric epipedons and argillic horizons. Solum thickness ranges from 2 to 3 meters and depth to hard rock is generally greater than 3 meters. Reaction is strongly to medium acid. Ap horizons are brown or reddish brown clay loam to clay. Bt horizons are yellowish red or red clay.

Competing Series and Their Differentiae: These are the Upyeong, Hajeong, and Pyeongjeon soils. The Upyeong soils occur on river terraces and have fine texture class. The Hajeong soils occur on rolling to hilly areas derived from tuff and conglomerates and have fine texture class. The Pyeongjeon soils occur on alluvial fans and have fine silty texture class.

Setting: The Pyeongchang soils occur on moderately steep to very steep mountainous areas underlain by residual limestone materials. Dominant slopes are 15 to 30 percent and the range is from 15 to 60 percent.

Principal Associated Soils: These are mainly the Pyeongan, Maji, and Jangseong soils. The Pyeongan soils are associated in dissected mountain colluvium. The Maji soils are associated in local alluvial positions while the Jangseong soils are associated in steeper and more convex residual upland positions.

Drainage and Permeability: Well drained and very slowly permeable. Runoff is medium to very rapid depending on the slopes.

Use and Vegetation: Most of these soils are used for forest. A few areas are used for corn, soybean, buckwheat, barley, potato, cabbage, and red pepper.

Distribution and Extent: These soils are of relatively small extent, but are locally important to agriculture. They occur in the central northeastern parts of the country in the limestone areas.

Series Established: Pyeongchang Gun, Gangwon Do, 1967. Revised, Yeongwol Gun, Gangwon Do, 2006.

Laboratory data sheets of typifying pedon.

Depth (cm)	Horizon	( --- Total ---)			(-- Clay --)		(-- Silt --)		(------- Sand -------)
		Clay	Silt	Sand	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	VF	F	M	C	VC
		LT	.002	.05	LT	LT	.002	.02	.05	.10	.25	.5	1
		.002	- .05	- 2	.0002	.002	- .02	- .05	- .10	- .25	- .50	- 1	- 2
		- - - - - - - - - - - Pct of ˂ 2mm (3A1) - - - - - - - - - - -
0-32	Ap	59.6	36.3	4.1					1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	0
32-55	BAt	73.8	23.1	2.2					1.1	1.1	0	0	0
55-108	Bt1	72.5	25.4	1.1					1.1	0	0	0	0
108-165	Bt2	78.4	21.0	0.7					0.7	0	0	0	0
165-250	Bt3	81.2	18.5	0.3					0.3	0	0	0	0

Depth (cm)

Coarse Fractions(mm)

˃2mm

Orgn

Total

Extr

Total

(-- Dith -Cit --)

Weight

Wt

C

N

P

S

Extractable

2-5

5-20

20-75

.1-75

Pct of

Fe

Al

Mn

Whole

6A1c

6B3a

6S3

6R3a

6C2b

6G7a

6D2a

Pct of ˂ 75mm (3B1)

Soil

Pct ˂ 2mm

g/kg

Pct of ˂ 2mm

0-32

0.52

32-55

0.29

55-108

0.26

108-165

0.26

165-250

0.26

Depth (cm)

Ratio/Clay

Atterberg

( Bulk Density )

COLE

(- Water Content -)

WRD

CEC

1500

Limits

Field

33

Oven

Whole

Field

10

33

1500

Whole

kPa

LL

PI

Moist

kPa

Dry

Soil

Moist

kPa

kPa

kPa

Soil

8D1

8D1

4P1

4P

4A3a

4A1d

4A1h

4D1

4B4

4B1c

4B1c

4B2a

4C1

Pct ˂0.4mm

- - g/cc - -

cm/cm

-- Pct of ˂2mm --

cm/cm

0 -32

0.46

0.97

50.3

32-55

0.41

1.05

51.0

55-108

0.47

1.04

51.6

108-165

0.45

1.08

51.2

165-250

0.44

1.05

52.9

Depth (cm)	( NH4OAc Extractable Bases )					Acid-	Extr	(----- CEC -----)			Al
	Ca	Mg	K	Na	Sum	ity	Al	Sum	NH4-	Bases	Sat
	5B5a	5B5a	5B5a	5B5a	Bases			Cats	OAc	+ Al
	6N2e	6O2d	6Q2b	6P2b		6H5a	6G9a	5A3a	5A8b	5A3b	5G1
	- - - - - - - - - - - - meq / 100g - - - - - - - - - - - -										Pct
0 -32	5.8	6.4	0.36	0.1	12.7	23.7	6.0	36.3	27.5	18.7	32.1
32-55	5.5	6.7	0.26	0.1	12.6	24.5	8.9	37.1	30.2	21.5	41.4
55-108	11.0	9.6	0.35	0.1	21.1	17.7	0.7	38.7	33.8	21.8	3.2
108-165	13.4	10.8	0.37	0.1	24.7	19.8	0.5	44.6	35.5	25.2	2.0
165-250	14.0	10.8	0.43	0.1	25.3	17.3	0.5	42.6	35.7	25.8	1.9

Depth (cm)	(Base Sat)		CO3 as	Res	Cond	(------ pH ------)				Acid Oxalate Extraction
	Sum	NH4-	CaCO3			NaF	KCl	CaCl2	H2O	Opt	Al	Fe	Si
		OAc	˂2mm					.01M		Den
	5C3	5C1	6E1g	8E1	8I	8C1d		8C1f	8C1f	8J	6G12	6C9a	6V2
	---- Pct ----			ohms/cm	dS/m		1: 1	1: 2	1: 1		- Pct of ˂2mm -
0-32	34.8	46.1					3.6	4.4	5.1
32-55	34.0	41.8					3.4	4.3	5.1
55-108	54.4	62.3					4.2	5.0	5.6
108-165	55.5	69.7					4.5	5.3	5.9
165-250	59.3	70.8					4.5	5.3	5.8