The Nagdong series are members of the mixed, mesic family of Typic Quartzipsamments [Haplic Arenosols (Eutric) classified by WRB]. These soils have dark yellowish brown loamy fine sand Ap horizons, dark yellowish brown fine sand C1 horizons, dark yellowish brown loamy fine sand C2 horizons, and yellowish brown fine sand C3 horizons. They occur on continental river levees.

Typifying pedon: Nagdong loamy fine sand-vegetables (Colors are for moist soil).

  Slope: 0-2%

  Elevation: 72 m above m.s.l.

  Soil moisture regime: Udic

  Soil temperature regime: Mesic

  Parent material: Alluvium

  Diagnostic features: An ochric epipedon from a depth of 0 to 23 cm.

  Described by: Song, K. C., D. C. Noh, and B. K. Hyun,  6 Sep., 2011.

Morphological properties of typifying pedon.

Ap - 0 to 23 cm. Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loamy fine sand; weak fine to medium subangular blocky structure; friable, non sticky and non plastic; common fine to medium roots; few medium pores; few worm holes; common very fine micas; clear smooth boundary.

C1 - 23 to 70 cm. Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sand; structureless, single grained; loose, non sticky and non plastic; few very fine to fine roots; no pores; common very fine micas; clear smooth boundary.

C2 - 70 to 95 cm. Dark yellowish brown (10R 3/6) loamy fine sand; weak medium platy structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; no roots; common fine to medium pores; common very fine micas; clear wavy boundary.

C3 - 95 to 180 cm. Yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine sand; structureless, single grained; loose, non sticky and non plastic; no pores; common very fine micas.

  The typifying pedon has an ochric epipedon from a depth of 0 to 23 cm. But it does not have other diagnostic horizons. Therefore it can be classified as Entisol. It has less than 35% rock fragments and a texture class of loamy fine sand or coarser in all layers within the particle-size control section. It keys out as Psamment. It has, in the 0.02 to 2.0 mm fraction within the particle-size control section, a total of more than 90% resistant minerals. It can be classified as Quartzipsamment. Also it meets the requirements of Typic Quartzipsamment. The typifying pedon has mesic soil temperature regime, and can be classified as mixed, mesic family of Typic Quatzipsamment.

Type Location: About 30 meters west of Gwangdeog 1 Ri, Pungcheon Myeon, Andong city, Gyeongsangbug Do (128° 30' 16.5'', 36° 32' 48.6'').

Range in Characteristics: These soils have ochric epipedons. Soil depth is in excess of 150 cm and probably ranges to 3 meters or more over any very contrasting materials. The series contains common to many fine mica flakes.  Reaction is slightly acid to neutral. Base saturation is more than 60 percent. A horizons are brown or yellowish brown loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or fine sandy loam. C horizons are brown or yellowish brown loamy fine sand to fine sand.

Competing Series and Their Differentiae: These are the Hwabong, Bonryang, Jangcheon, and Jungdong series. The Hwabong soils belong to the same texture family but have coarser particle sizes and less moisture holding capacity. The Bonryang series are characterized by having moderately deep coarse loamy over sandy texture. The Jangcheon soils have gray colored surface horizons and are used for rice paddy. The Jungdong series has very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam textures throughout.

Setting: The Nagdong soils occur on nearly level to very gently sloping undissected continental broad alluvial flood plain levees chiefly adjacent to river channels and on the convex side of river bends. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

Principal Associated Soils: These are the Hwabong, Bonryang, Ihyeon and Gyuam soils. The Ihyeon soils have finer textures and greater moisture holding capacity. The Gyuam soils are moderately well drained and have finer textures.

Drainage and Permeability: Somewhat excessively drained. Permeability is rapid to very rapid.  Runoff is slow.

Use and Vegetation: Most areas are used for crops such as peanuts, rye and melon.

Distribution and Extent: The Nagdong soils are of moderate extent and occur on the large flood plains throughout the country.

Series Established: Buyeo Gun, Chungcheongnam Do, 1969. Revised, Andong city, Gyeongsangbug Do, 2011.

Laboratory data sheets of typifying.

Depth (cm)	Horizon	( --- Total ---)			(-- Clay --)		(-- Silt --)		(------- Sand -------)
		Clay	Silt	Sand	Fine	Coarse	Fine	Coarse	VF	F	M	C	VC
		LT	.002	.05	LT	LT	.002	.02	.05	.10	.25	.5	1
		.002	- .05	- 2	.0002	.002	- .02	- .05	- .10	- .25	- .50	- 1	- 2
		- - - - - - - - - - - Pct of ˂ 2mm (3A1) - - - - - - - - - - -
0-23	Ap	5.6	15.0	79.4			6.4	8.6	5.7	23.3	33.6	16.2	0.6
23-70	C1	2.8	7.9	89.3			3.2	4.7	7.1	39.0	32.3	10.6	0.4
70-95	C2	7.5	15.2	77.4			9.1	6.1	18.0	34.3	23.4	1.6	0.1
95-180	C3	2.5	4.3	93.2			1.9	2.4	4.6	53.4	32.7	2.4	0

Depth (cm)

Coarse Fractions(mm)

˃2mm

Orgn

Total

Extr

Total

(-- Dith -Cit --)

Weight

Wt

C

N

P

S

Extractable

2-5

5-20

20-75

.1-75

Pct of

Fe

Al

Mn

Whole

6A1c

6B3a

6S3

6R3a

6C2b

6G7a

6D2a

Pct of ˂ 75mm (3B1)

Soil

Pct ˂ 2mm

g/kg

Pct of ˂ 2mm

0-23

0.10

23-70

0

70-95

0.04

95-180

0

Depth (cm)

Ratio/Clay

Atterberg

( Bulk Density )

COLE

(- Water Content -)

WRD

CEC

1500

Limits

Field

33

Oven

Whole

Field

10

33

1500

Whole

kPa

LL

PI

Moist

kPa

Dry

Soil

Moist

kPa

kPa

kPa

Soil

8D1

8D1

4P1

4P

4A3a

4A1d

4A1h

4D1

4B4

4B1c

4B1c

4B2a

4C1

Pct ˂0.4mm

- - g/cc - -

cm/cm

-- Pct of ˂2mm --

cm/cm

0-23

1.07

1.29

4.7

23-70

1.24

1.38

8.1

70-95

0.85

1.58

19.8

95-180

1.14

1.31

12.0

Depth (cm)	( NH4OAc Extractable Bases )					Acid-	Extr	(----- CEC -----)			Al
	Ca	Mg	K	Na	Sum	ity	Al	Sum	NH4-	Bases	Sat
	5B5a	5B5a	5B5a	5B5a	Bases			Cats	OAc	+ Al
	6N2e	6O2d	6Q2b	6P2b		6H5a	6G9a	5A3a	5A8b	5A3b	5G1
	- - - - - - - - - - - - meq / 100g - - - - - - - - - - - -										Pct
0-23	3.5	1.7	0.2	0	5.4	3.1	0	8.6	6.0	5.4	0
23-70	1.9	0.7	0.2	0	2.9	4.0	0	6.9	3.5	2.9	0
70-95	3.3	1.4	0.2	0	4.9	6.3	0.2	11.2	6.4	5.1	3.9
95-180	1.4	0.6	0.1	0	2.1	4.4	0.1	6.5	2.9	2.2	4.5

Depth (cm)

(Base Sat)

CO3 as

Res

Cond

(------ pH ------)

Acid Oxalate Extraction

Sum

NH4-

CaCO3

NaF

KCl

CaCl2

H2O

Opt

Al

Fe

Si

OAc

˂2mm

.01M

Den

5C3

5C1

6E1g

8E1

8I

8C1d

8C1f

8C1f

8J

6G12

6C9a

6V2

---- Pct ----

ohms/cm

dS/m

1: 1

1: 2

1: 1

- Pct of ˂2mm -

0-23

63.4

90.9

6.6

6.9

7.5

23-70

42.2

83.6

5.2

6.1

7.1

70-95

44.0

76.9

4.3

5.4

6.4

95-180

32.7

73.8

4.4

5.5

6.4