Morphological properties of typifying pedon.
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GANGSEO SERIES |
Established Series KDH, JYG, UKT 18 Mar., 1971 |
The Gangseo series are members of the coarse loamy, mixed, mesic family of Anthraquic Eutrudepts [Fluvic Hydragric Anthrosols (Eutric Oxyaquic) classified by WRB]. These soils have dark gray fine sandy loam Ap horizons with yellowish brown mottles, olive brown fine sandy loam BA horizons with strong brown mottles, brown silt loam Bw1 horizons with brown mottles, brown fine sandy loam Bw2 horizons with dark gray mottles, and dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam C horizons with gray mottles. They are developed on continental alluvial plains.
Typifying Pedon: Gangseo fine sandy loam-paddy rice (Colors are for moist soil).
Slope: 0-2%
Elevation: 31 m above m.s.l.
Soil moisture regime: Udic
Soil temperature regime: Mesic
Parent material: Alluvium
Diagnostic features: An ochric epipedon from a depth of 0 to 20 cm and a cambic horizon from a depth of 31 to 102 cm (An anthraquic horizon from a depth of 0 to 31 cm and a hydragric horizon from a depth of 31 to 102 cm by WRB).
Described by: Song, K. C., D. C. Noh, and S. J. Jung, 6 Nov., 2009.
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Morphological properties of typifying pedon. |
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Ap - 0 to 20 cm. Dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) fine sandy loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) mottles; structureless, puddled; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine rice roots; common very fine micas; clear smooth boundary.
BA - 20 to 31 cm. Olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) fine sandy loam; common medium to coarse prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak coarse platy structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common fine pores; common very fine micas; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw1 - 31 to 52 cm. Brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; common medium to coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure breaking to platy structure; friable, slightly sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; few fine pores; common very fine micas; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bw2 - 52 to 102 cm. Brown (7.5YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; few medium faint dark gray (7.5YR 4/1) mottles; weak coarse prismatic structure; friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; no roots; common medium to coarse pores; common very fine micas; gradual smooth boundary.
C - 102 to 160 cm. Dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; few common faint gray (10YR 5/1) mottles; structureless, massive; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine to medium pores; common very fine micas.
The typifying pedon has an ochric epipedon from a depth of 0 to 20 cm and a cambic horizon from a depth of 31 to 52 cm. That can be classified as Inceptisol. It is used for paddy field, but does not have aquic conditions for some time in normal years in a layer at a depth between 40 and 50 cm from the mineral soil surface. Therefore it can be classified as Udept. It has a base saturation (by NH4OAc) of 60% or more in one or more horizons at a depth between 25 and 75 cm from the mineral soil surface. That keys out as Eutrudept. It has anthraquic conditions and can be classified as Anthraquic Eutrudept.
The typifying pedon has in the fraction less than 75 mm in diameter, 15% or more particles with diameters of 0.1 to 75 mm and in the fine-earth fraction, less than 18% clay at the particle-size control section and has mesic soil temperature regime. Therefore it can be classified as coarse loamy, mixed, mesic family of Anthraquic Eutrudept.
Type Location: About 200 meters south of the Hasindae, Sindae Dong, Cheongju city, Chungcheongbug Do (127o 24' 32.6'', 36o 40' 21.9'').
Range in Characteristics: These soils have ochric epipedons and cambic horizons. Solum thickness ranges from 100 to 150 cm. Depth to hard rock is probably more than 5 meters below the surface. Base saturation is more than 60 percent except Ap horizons. Reaction is slightly acid to neutral. Common fine micas occur throughout the profile. Ap horizons are grayish brown, dark gray, olive gray, or gray fine sandy loam or loam with various brown mottles. The cambic B horizons are mottled brown, dark yellowish brown, yellowish brown, or grayish brown sandy loam or loam. Cg horizons are mottled brown, grayish brown, or gray fine sandy loam or loam.
Competing Series and Their Differentiae: These are the Jungdong, Bonryang, and Eungog series. The Jungdong soils are well drained. The Bonryang soils are well drained and have sandy substrata below 50 cm. The Eungog soils occur on local alluvial plains and are derived from acidic crystalline materials.
Setting: The Gangseo soils occur on nearly level broad continental alluvial plains derived chiefly from alluvial materials. Slopes are less than 2 percent averaging about 1 percent.
Principal Associated Soils: The Gyuam, Cheongwon, Sinheung, Seogcheon, Nagdong, Jungdong and Hamchang soils are associated.
Drainage and Permeability: Moderately well drained. Permeability is moderately rapid and runoff is slow.
Use and Vegetation: Most of these soils are used for rice paddy and non irrigated barley.
Distribution and Extent: The Gangseo soils are of moderate extent and are distributed in the continental alluvial plains throughout the country.
Series Established: Cheongwon Gun, Chungcheongbug Do, 1970. Revised, Cheongju city, Chungcheongbug Do, 2009.
Laboratory data sheets of typifying pedon.
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Depth (cm) |
Horizon |
( --- Total ---) |
(-- Clay --) |
(-- Silt --) |
(------- Sand -------) |
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Clay |
Silt |
Sand |
Fine |
Coarse |
Fine |
Coarse |
VF |
F |
M |
C |
VC |
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LT |
.002 |
.05 |
LT |
LT |
.002 |
.02 |
.05 |
.10 |
.25 |
.5 |
1 |
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.002 |
- .05 |
- 2 |
.0002 |
.002 |
- .02 |
- .05 |
- .10 |
- .25 |
- .50 |
- 1 |
- 2 |
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- - - - - - - - - - - Pct of ˂ 2mm (3A1) - - - - - - - - - - - |
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0-20 |
Ap |
12.0 |
30.5 |
57.5 |
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17.5 |
13.0 |
18.9 |
27.6 |
9.0 |
1.7 |
0.3 |
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20-31 |
BA |
13.6 |
38.6 |
47.8 |
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17.4 |
21.3 |
19.6 |
20.2 |
6.7 |
1.2 |
0.3 |
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31-52 |
Bw |
11.2 |
45.0 |
43.8 |
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18.4 |
26.6 |
24.1 |
17.3 |
1.7 |
0.4 |
0.2 |
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52-102 |
BC |
9.5 |
33.9 |
56.7 |
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13.0 |
20.9 |
21.7 |
30.8 |
3.5 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
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102-150 |
C |
9.7 |
32.1 |
58.1 |
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8.9 |
23.2 |
30.9 |
24.8 |
1.9 |
0.3 |
0.2 |
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Depth (cm) |
Coarse Fractions(mm) |
˃2mm |
Orgn |
Total |
Extr |
Total |
(-- Dith -Cit --) |
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Weight |
Wt |
C |
N |
P |
S |
Extractable |
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2-5 |
5-20 |
20-75 |
.1-75 |
Pct of |
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Fe |
Al |
Mn |
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Whole |
6A1c |
6B3a |
6S3 |
6R3a |
6C2b |
6G7a |
6D2a |
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Pct of ˂ 75mm (3B1) |
Soil |
Pct ˂ 2mm |
g/kg |
Pct of ˂ 2mm |
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0-20 |
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1.99 |
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20-31 |
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0.98 |
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31-52 |
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0.89 |
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52-102 |
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0.79 |
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102-150 |
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0.72 |
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Depth (cm) |
Ratio/Clay |
Atterberg |
( Bulk Density ) |
COLE |
(- Water Content -) |
WRD |
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CEC |
1500 |
Limits |
Field |
33 |
Oven |
Whole |
Field |
10 |
33 |
1500 |
Whole |
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kPa |
LL |
PI |
Moist |
kPa |
Dry |
Soil |
Moist |
kPa |
kPa |
kPa |
Soil |
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8D1 |
8D1 |
4P1 |
4P |
4A3a |
4A1d |
4A1h |
4D1 |
4B4 |
4B1c |
4B1c |
4B2a |
4C1 |
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Pct ˂0.4mm |
- - g/cc - - |
cm/cm |
-- Pct of ˂2mm -- |
cm/cm |
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0-20 |
0.65 |
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1.16 |
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38.8 |
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20-31 |
0.54 |
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1.46 |
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28.2 |
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31-52 |
0.74 |
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1.45 |
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28.5 |
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52-102 |
0.74 |
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1.44 |
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23.5 |
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102-150 |
0.78 |
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1.42 |
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29.6 |
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Depth (cm) |
( NH4OAc Extractable Bases ) |
Acid- |
Extr |
(----- CEC -----) |
Al |
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Ca |
Mg |
K |
Na |
Sum |
ity |
Al |
Sum |
NH4- |
Bases |
Sat |
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5B5a |
5B5a |
5B5a |
5B5a |
Bases |
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Cats |
OAc |
+ Al |
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6N2e |
6O2d |
6Q2b |
6P2b |
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6H5a |
6G9a |
5A3a |
5A8b |
5A3b |
5G1 |
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- - - - - - - - - - - - meq / 100g - - - - - - - - - - - - |
Pct |
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0-20 |
2.8 |
0.6 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
3.8 |
8.1 |
1.1 |
11.9 |
7.8 |
4.9 |
22.2 |
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20-31 |
3.9 |
0.7 |
0.2 |
0.2 |
5.0 |
6.6 |
0.4 |
11.6 |
7.4 |
5.4 |
7.5 |
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31-52 |
5.3 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
6.5 |
5.0 |
0.1 |
11.5 |
8.3 |
6.6 |
1.5 |
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52-102 |
4.7 |
0.8 |
0.2 |
0.1 |
5.8 |
4.1 |
0.1 |
9.9 |
7.0 |
5.9 |
1.0 |
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102-150 |
5.4 |
1.3 |
0.1 |
0.1 |
6.9 |
3.9 |
0 |
10.8 |
7.6 |
6.9 |
0 |
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Depth (cm) |
(Base Sat) |
CO3 as |
Res |
Cond |
(------ pH ------) |
Acid Oxalate Extraction |
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Sum |
NH4- |
CaCO3 |
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NaF |
KCl |
CaCl2 |
H2O |
Opt |
Al |
Fe |
Si |
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OAc |
˂2mm |
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.01M |
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Den |
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5C3 |
5C1 |
6E1g |
8E1 |
8I |
8C1d |
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8C1f |
8C1f |
8J |
6G12 |
6C9a |
6V2 |
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---- Pct ---- |
ohms/cm |
dS/m |
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1: 1 |
1: 2 |
1: 1 |
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- Pct of ˂2mm - |
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0-20 |
31.9 |
48.7 |
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4.1 |
4.3 |
5.3 |
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20-31 |
43.1 |
67.6 |
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4.3 |
4.7 |
6.0 |
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31-52 |
56.5 |
78.2 |
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4.6 |
5.4 |
6.2 |
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52-102 |
58.8 |
83.5 |
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4.8 |
5.2 |
6.4 |
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102-150 |
63.9 |
90.8 |
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4.8 |
5.5 |
6.8 |
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